Afghanistan |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Albania |
Republic |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Algeria |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
Andorra |
Constitutional monarchy |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Angola |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Antigua and Barbuda |
Constitutional monarchy |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Argentina |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Armenia |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Australia |
Constitutional monarchy |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Austria |
Republic |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Azerbaijan |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
The Bahamas |
Constitutional monarchy |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Bahrain |
Constitutional monarchy |
Executive |
Monarch personally exercises power in concert with other institutions |
Bangladesh |
Republic |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Barbados |
Constitutional monarchy |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Belarus |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Belgium |
Constitutional monarchy |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Belize |
Constitutional monarchy |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Benin |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Bhutan |
Constitutional monarchy |
Executive |
Monarch personally exercises power in concert with other institutions |
Bolivia |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
Republic |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Botswana |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency and ministry are subject to parliamentary confidence |
Brazil |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Brunei |
Absolute monarchy |
Executive |
All authority vested in absolute monarch |
Bulgaria |
Republic |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Burkina Faso |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
Burundi |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Cambodia |
Constitutional monarchy |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Cameroon |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Canada |
Constitutional monarchy |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Cape Verde |
Republic |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Central African Republic |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Chad |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Chile |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Colombia |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Comoros |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Costa Rica |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Côte d'Ivoire |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
Croatia |
Republic |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Cuba |
Republic |
Executive |
Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement |
Cyprus |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Czech Republic |
Republic |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Democratic Republic of the Congo |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
Denmark |
Constitutional monarchy |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Djibouti |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
Dominica |
Republic |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Dominican Republic |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
East Timor |
Republic |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Ecuador |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Egypt |
n/a |
n/a |
n/a No constitutionally-defined basis to current regime |
El Salvador |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Equatorial Guinea |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Eritrea |
Republic |
Executive |
Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement |
Estonia |
Republic |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Ethiopia |
Republic |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Fiji |
n/a |
n/a |
n/a No constitutionally-defined basis to current regime |
Finland |
Republic |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
France |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
Gabon |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
The Gambia |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Georgia |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
Germany |
Republic |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Ghana |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Greece |
Republic |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Grenada |
Constitutional monarchy |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Guatemala |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Guinea |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Guinea-Bissau |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
Guyana |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
Haiti |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
Honduras |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Hungary |
Republic |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Iceland |
Republic |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
India |
Republic |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Indonesia |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Iran |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Iraq |
Republic |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Ireland |
Republic |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Israel |
Republic |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Italy |
Republic |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Jamaica |
Constitutional monarchy |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Japan |
Constitutional monarchy |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Jordan |
Constitutional monarchy |
Executive |
Monarch personally exercises power in concert with other institutions |
Kazakhstan |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Kenya |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
Kiribati |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Kuwait |
Constitutional monarchy |
Executive |
Monarch personally exercises power in concert with other institutions |
Kyrgyzstan |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
Laos |
Republic |
Executive |
Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement |
Latvia |
Republic |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Lebanon |
Republic |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Lesotho |
Constitutional monarchy |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Liberia |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Libya |
n/a |
n/a |
n/a No constitutionally-defined basis to current regime |
Liechtenstein |
Constitutional monarchy |
Executive |
Monarch personally exercises power in concert with other institutions |
Lithuania |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
Luxembourg |
Constitutional monarchy |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Macedonia |
Republic |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Madagascar |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
Malawi |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Malaysia |
Constitutional monarchy |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Maldives |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Mali |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
Malta |
Republic |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Marshall Islands |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency and ministry are subject to parliamentary confidence |
Mauritania |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
Mauritius |
Republic |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Mexico |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
FSM |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency and ministry are subject to parliamentary confidence |
Moldova |
Republic |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Monaco |
Constitutional monarchy |
Executive |
Monarch personally exercises power in concert with other institutions |
Mongolia |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
Montenegro |
Republic |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Morocco |
Constitutional monarchy |
Executive |
Monarch personally exercises power in concert with other institutions |
Mozambique |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Myanmar |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Namibia |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Nauru |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency and ministry are subject to parliamentary confidence |
Nepal |
Republic |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Netherlands |
Constitutional monarchy |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
New Zealand |
Constitutional monarchy |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Nicaragua |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Niger |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
Nigeria |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
North Korea |
Republic |
Executive |
Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement |
Norway |
Constitutional monarchy |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Oman |
Absolute monarchy |
Executive |
All authority vested in absolute monarch |
Pakistan |
Republic |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Palau |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Palestine |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
Panama |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Papua New Guinea |
Constitutional monarchy |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Paraguay |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
People's Republic of China |
Republic |
Executive |
Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement |
Peru |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Philippines |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Poland |
Republic |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Portugal |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
Qatar |
Absolute monarchy |
Executive |
All authority vested in absolute monarch |
Republic of the Congo |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Romania |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
Russia |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
Rwanda |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Sahrawi Republic |
Republic |
Executive |
Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement |
Saint Kitts and Nevis |
Constitutional monarchy |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Saint Lucia |
Constitutional monarchy |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |
Constitutional monarchy |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Samoa |
Republic |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
San Marino |
Republic |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
São Tomé and Príncipe |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
Saudi Arabia |
Absolute monarchy |
Executive |
All authority vested in absolute monarch |
Senegal |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
Serbia |
Republic |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Seychelles |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Sierra Leone |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Singapore |
Republic |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Slovakia |
Republic |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Slovenia |
Republic |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Solomon Islands |
Constitutional monarchy |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Somalia |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence Stateless society |
South Africa |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency and ministry are subject to parliamentary confidence |
South Korea |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
South Sudan |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Spain |
Constitutional monarchy |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Sri Lanka |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
Sudan |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Suriname |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Swaziland |
Absolute monarchy |
Executive |
All authority vested in absolute monarch |
Sweden |
Constitutional monarchy |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Switzerland |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Syria |
Republic |
Executive |
Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement |
Republic of China (Taiwan) |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
Tajikistan |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
Tanzania |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Thailand |
Constitutional monarchy |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Togo |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Tonga |
Constitutional monarchy |
Executive |
Monarch personally exercises power in concert with other institutions |
Trinidad and Tobago |
Republic |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Tunisia |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Turkey |
Republic |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Turkmenistan |
Republic |
Executive |
Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement |
Tuvalu |
Constitutional monarchy |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Uganda |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Ukraine |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
United Arab Emirates |
Constitutional monarchy |
Executive |
Monarch personally exercises power in concert with other institutions |
United Kingdom |
Constitutional monarchy |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
United States |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Uruguay |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Uzbekistan |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Vanuatu |
Republic |
Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
Vatican City |
Absolute monarchy |
Executive |
All authority vested in absolute monarch |
Venezuela |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Vietnam |
Republic |
Executive |
Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement |
Yemen |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Zambia |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature |
Zimbabwe |
Republic |
Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
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